Glossary

One of the inclined members that forms the top of the frame that supports a roof and determines its pitch.

The process of removing loose mortar from joints with a small tool prior to repointing (cf cutting out).

The brand name of an early patent cement prepared from naturally occurring 'cement stones' that contain clay and limestone. Widely used to describe all natural cements of the 19th century. Although used principally as a rendering material, it was used also in 19th-century pointing, especially in restoration and repair.